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The delivery bounced back

A client can't play the 4K file you sent.
Diagnose it in order, most likely cause first.

You exported the master, sent the file, and got back a message that says nothing plays. Before you re-export, work through the causes in the order they actually occur: a codec their machine has no decoder for, a container their default player does not recognise, a transfer that never finished, hardware that cannot decode the resolution, or an application that was never going to open it. Each one has a check that takes a minute and a fix you control.

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Updated September 2026

Start here

Five causes,
in the order they actually happen.

Do not re-export yet. Almost every version of this problem is one of five things, and the first two account for most of them. Each row below is a check you can ask the client to run in a minute, and a fix that does not require them to install anything they do not want.

The check
The fix
1No decoderfor the codec
Ask what happens in the first second.No picture at all, a black or greenframe, or audio with no video.
Send an H.264, HEVC or AV1 exportin MP4 or MOV, or a link that playsin the browser. Keep the masteras a download.
2Unfamiliarcontainer
Read the extension. Drive lists 9playable video formats, Dropbox lists16 previewable video extensions.
Rewrap or re-export to MP4 or MOV.Never rename the extension by hand;that changes nothing inside the file.
3Transfernever finished
Compare the size in bytes on bothmachines. They must match exactly.A short file is a broken file.
Re-send over a link rather than anattachment, and have the clientconfirm the byte count beforethey open it.
4Hardware cannotdecode it
It starts, then stutters, dropsframes or drifts out of sync.A 1080p version of the same cutplays cleanly.
Send a lighter export at theresolution their machine handles.This is a machine limit, not aplatform choice.
5Wrongapplication
Ask which program they double-clicked.A mail preview pane, a slide deckand a document viewer are notmedia players.
Send a link that plays in thebrowser tab they already have open,so there is no application tochoose at all.

Format lists are the vendors' own, fetched 7 September 2026. Whether any given file plays is decided by the viewer's browser and hardware, not by a rule on our side. 8K, and 4K on a weak machine, play only when the viewer's machine decodes them.

Cause one and two

The codec is what fails,
the container is what the machine reads first.

A video file is a container holding streams encoded with a codec. The container is the wrapper, MP4 or MOV or MXF. The codec is what actually turned pictures into data. A client machine needs a decoder for the codec, and its default player needs to recognise the container well enough to look inside. Those are two separate failures with two different symptoms.

The codec failure is total and instant. There is no picture, or a black or green frame, or audio running under nothing. Post-production codecs are the usual cause. ProRes 422, ProRes 4444 and DNxHR are mastering and interchange formats; they are hosted at full size for download rather than played in a browser. Camera RAW is a further step removed again: BRAW, R3D, ARRIRAW, N-RAW, X-OCN and ProRes RAW never stream in a browser, and the honest workflow is to finish to HEVC or ProRes before anything gets sent for review.

The container failure looks different. The player opens, then reports that it cannot read the file, or opens it and finds no video track it recognises. This is where the extension matters. Google publishes the exact list of formats Drive will play: WebM, MPEG4, 3GPP, MOV, AVI, MPEGPS, WMV, FLV, MTS and OGG. Dropbox publishes its own previewable video extensions: .3gp, .3gpp, .3gpp2, .asf, .avi, .dv, .m2t, .m4v, .mkv, .mov, .mp4, .mpeg, .mpg, .mts and .mxf. Neither list is a statement about your client’s desktop, but both are a good proxy for what mainstream software expects to see.

One thing not to do

Do not rename the extension. Changing a file from .mxf to .mp4 changes the four characters after the dot and nothing inside the file. The player now opens something that claims to be an MP4, finds a structure it does not understand, and fails in a way that is harder to diagnose than the original error. Rewrap properly or re-export.

Cause three

A broken file is usually
an interrupted one.

A file that stops playing at exactly the same timecode every time, or that will not open at all despite being the right format, is often a transfer that ended early. Large deliveries fail quietly. A browser tab is closed, a laptop sleeps, a corporate proxy times out, a download resumes into a second copy with a number appended to the name.

The check is exact rather than approximate. Have the client read the file size in bytes, not in gigabytes rounded to one decimal, and compare it with the byte count on your machine. If the two numbers differ at all, nothing about the codec matters yet. There are two related states worth ruling out at the same time. Dropbox documents a preview error for files that are still uploading. Google publishes the message “Video is still processing. Try again later,” and notes that for a large file it may take a while before the video is ready. A link sent the moment an upload bar fills can produce a complaint that has nothing to do with your export.

1

Read both byte counts

Yours and theirs, in bytes. A mismatch of any size means the transfer, not the file. Re-send before you touch anything else.

2

Rule out a duplicate

Ask for the exact filename they opened. A second copy with a suffix usually means a resumed or repeated download, and the older copy is often the broken one.

3

Confirm the source is ready

If the file sits on a service that generates a preview, confirm the upload and any processing finished before you send the link. A still-processing file produces a playback error that looks like a format error.

4

Send once, not repeatedly

A hosted link that streams the stored object removes the whole class of problem, because the client never holds a partial copy in the first place.

Cause four

A stutter is a performance problem,
not a format problem.

If the client sees motion and describes it as jerky, stuttering, out of sync or slow, the decoder exists and the machine cannot keep up with it. This is the one cause on the page that no platform decision fixes, because the work is happening on their hardware. 4K on a weak machine plays only when that machine decodes it, and the same caveat applies with more force at 8K.

The test is a ladder you build yourself. Export the same thirty seconds at 1080p in the same codec and send both. If 1080p is clean and 4K stutters, you have measured the ceiling of that machine and you now know what to deliver to that client for the rest of the project. If both stutter, look at the codec first, because a machine with no hardware path for a format will fall back to software decoding and behave exactly like a machine that is too slow.

We publish no decoder bitrate ceiling and no maximum resolution, because we enforce neither. The only hard limit anywhere in the upload path is 50 GB per file, checked in the browser before the first part is sent. Anyone quoting you a specific megabit figure at which consumer decoding fails is guessing; the honest test is the one above, run on the machine that has to play it.

Cause five

The software they used
was never going to open it.

A mail preview pane

Mail clients preview what they can and refuse the rest. A large master attached to a message is also the delivery most likely to be stripped, truncated or bounced before it arrives.

A file manager thumbnail

A grey thumbnail with no preview is a statement about the operating system's thumbnail service, not about whether the file is playable. Ask them to open it in a real player before drawing any conclusion.

A document or slide app

Video dropped into a presentation or a document is re-handled by that application, which has its own format support and its own compression. What they are watching is not your file.

A browser tab, which is the fix

The one application every client already has open is a browser. A link that plays the film in the tab removes the decision entirely: nothing to install, nothing to choose, nothing to download first.

The honest part

Sometimes the machine is not up to it,
and no platform fixes that.

There is a version of this problem where every fix above is the wrong answer, and it is more common than it should be.

The client is on a five-year-old laptop with integrated graphics, or on a locked-down corporate machine where they cannot install a player, or on a connection that will not carry a heavy master no matter who serves it. Nothing about hosting changes any of that. Removing an encode step does not add a decoder to their computer, and a link that streams a 4K master to a machine that cannot decode 4K produces exactly the same complaint as the file did.

In that situation, the right answer is a smaller export. Give them 1080p in H.264, at a sensible bitrate, and let them approve the cut on something they can actually watch. Keep the 4K master hosted with download switched on for whoever has the hardware for it. That is not a compromise on your work; it is a recognition that a client approving a picture on a machine that cannot show it is not approving anything useful. Change the export before you change the platform.

Change the platform when the pattern is different: when the file itself is fine, the machine is fine, and the thing in the middle is what keeps degrading, delaying or refusing the delivery. That is when byte-for-byte streaming plus a per-film download earns its place, and 5 GB of storage on the free Starter plan, one film at a time, is enough to run the test on your own footage and your own client before you decide.

Questions

Frequently asked

What is the single most likely reason a client cannot play a 4K file I sent?

The codec. A file exported for post-production is not a consumer playback format, and a machine either carries a decoder for that codec or it does not. ProRes 422, ProRes 4444 and DNxHR are hosted at full size for download rather than played in a browser. Camera RAW, including BRAW, R3D, ARRIRAW, N-RAW, X-OCN and ProRes RAW, never streams in a browser at all. Our own upload guidance asks members for H.264, HEVC or AV1 in MP4 or MOV precisely because those are the formats a client machine is most likely to decode.

How do I tell a missing decoder from a machine that is simply too slow?

By the failure mode. A missing decoder fails immediately and completely: no picture at all, a black or green frame, audio with no video, or an error before the first frame. A machine that is too slow plays, and plays badly: it starts, then stutters, drops frames or falls behind the audio. If the client can describe motion, you have a decode-performance problem. If they never saw a frame, you have a format problem.

My export is 10-bit 4:2:2 HEVC. Will their browser play it?

That is not documented. No vendor publishes whether a video element decodes 10-bit 4:2:2 HEVC, in either direction, and the one primary decoder specification that exists covers 4:2:0 chroma only. What we can tell you is our side: we never re-encode, so a 10-bit 4:2:2 file is stored and served exactly as you exported it. If a client has to see that specific export, test one short clip on their machine before you build a delivery around it, or send a 4:2:0 export for review and keep the 4:2:2 file as the download.

Can I send ProRes and just tell the client to install a player?

You can, and sometimes that is the right call, for instance when the recipient is a broadcaster or another post house who needs the master anyway. It is the wrong call for a producer on a laptop who wants to watch the cut and reply by Friday. For that person, host the file, send a link that plays a browser-friendly export, and turn on the download for the one machine that needs the real thing.

The file is 60 GB. What are my options?

Not that file, here. The ceiling is 50 GB per file, checked in the browser before a byte moves. There is no bitrate ceiling and no resolution ceiling, so the practical answer is either a lighter export of the same picture or a delivery split into reels. Note that a preview cap on a general file-sharing service is not a solution either: Dropbox publishes a 100 GB video preview limit, 150 GB with the Replay add-on, and says a file over the limit has to be downloaded to be viewed.

Does sending a heavier file cost me more in delivery?

No. The Terms state that storage is the only meter, that there are no bandwidth caps, and that streaming is unlimited on every plan. External client viewers never need a paid seat. What a heavy master costs is storage, and the free Starter plan holds 5 GB and one film at a time, which is enough to test a real export against a real client machine before you commit to anything.

Is it ever right to just send a smaller export instead?

Yes, and it is the answer more often than any vendor will admit. If the client is on an old laptop, on integrated graphics, or on a locked-down office machine they cannot install anything on, no hosting decision fixes that. A 1080p H.264 export they can actually watch beats a 4K master they cannot, and you can keep the 4K file available as a download for whoever has the machine for it.

Stop emailing masters to laptops that choke on them

Send a link that plays the film in the browser, and keep the original download available for the one machine that actually needs the file. Nothing is re-encoded in either direction.

Client Can't Play the 4K Video File I Sent Them