The master format

ProRes delivery.
Masters without a re-encode.

ProRes is the file your client actually needs and the one no browser can play. The official data rates, what a minute weighs, and a handoff that never re-encodes the master.

Start free, 1 GB, no credit card

No credit card required. Cancel any time.

Updated September 2026

What is ProRes

Built for the timeline.
Adopted for the handoff.

Post production standardized on ProRes for two dull, excellent reasons: every frame stands alone, and every flavor has a published data rate you can plan storage around.

ProRes is Apple’s family of intermediate codecs, and the word intermediate is doing real work. It is intra-frame: each frame is compressed on its own, like a strip of stills, so an editor can scrub, cut, and play backwards without the machine reconstructing anything. Delivery codecs work the other way. In H.264 or HEVC, most frames are stored as changes applied to a neighbor, which is why they stream cheaply and edit badly.

The second habit that made it the handoff standard is predictability. Apple publishes a target data rate for every flavor at every frame size, and the encoder holds it: a frame peaks about 10 percent above target, so a producer can size drives before the export exists. Apple rates 422 HQ, the default finishing flavor, as “visually lossless through many generations of decoding and reencoding.”

That reliability is priced in bits. The table below is Apple’s own numbers with the arithmetic done: what one minute of each flavor weighs.

Data rates

What a master weighs.

Official target rates by flavor. ProRes delivery is a logistics problem before it is a hosting problem, and these numbers are the logistics.

1080p 29.97
UHD 30 fps
UHD 60 fps
GB per minute
422 Proxy
45 Mbps
182 Mbps
363 Mbps
1.4 GB
422 LT
102 Mbps
410 Mbps
821 Mbps
3.1 GB
422
147 Mbps
589 Mbps
1,178 Mbps
4.4 GB
422 HQ
220 Mbps
884 Mbps
1,768 Mbps
6.6 GB
4444
330 Mbps
1,326 Mbps
2,652 Mbps
9.9 GB
4444 XQ
500 Mbps
1,989 Mbps
3,977 Mbps
14.9 GB

Target rates from About Apple ProRes and the Apple ProRes White Paper (April 2022), read September 2026. UHD is 3840x2160. GB per minute computed from the UHD 30 fps column: rate x 60 seconds / 8 bits per byte. ProRes is variable bitrate; frames peak about 10 percent above target.

884 Mbps

UHD 30p 422 HQ target

Apple White Paper target rate at 3840x2160

6.6 GB

One minute of UHD 422 HQ

884 Mbps x 60 s / 8. A ten-minute cut is about 66 GB.

+10%

VBR peak over target

Per-frame maximum, per the ProRes White Paper

The browser problem

No browser plays ProRes.
Ours included.

Not Chrome, not Safari, not Firefox, and not this site’s player either. The decoder lives on the viewer’s machine, and no browser ships one for ProRes.

uncompressed.io streams the exact bytes you upload with no re-encode, but the decode still happens on the client side, and in a browser that means H.264, HEVC, or AV1 in MP4 or MOV. A ProRes file handed to a web page has nothing on the other end that can turn it into pictures. Any service promising ProRes playback in a browser tab is playing you a transcode.

The honest workflow splits playback from custody. The master lives in the room as a download: resumable uploads up to 50 GB per file, byte-for-byte on the way back out. Review happens in one of two players. The macOS app decodes ProRes natively up to 8K 4:2:2 HQ at 60 fps, alongside RED R3D, Blackmagic BRAW, and Nikon N-RAW, with a playback ceiling of 15,000 Mbps; Apple’s 8K 60p 422 HQ target of 7,542 Mbps sits inside it with room to spare. For everyone reviewing in a browser, you attach an HEVC twin exported beside the master, and we stream it untouched.

Browser hardware sets the twin’s budget: decoders top out around 300 to 400 Mbps, and 100 to 150 Mbps streams without dropped frames on most machines. Export there, 10-bit, and the grade survives the trip.

uncompressed.io macOS app, camera masters

up to 15,000 Mbps

Frame.io 4K proxy playback

about 50 Mbps

Vimeo 4K streaming ceiling

22 Mbps max
05k10k15kMbps

App figure is the supported playback ceiling for camera masters in the macOS app. Frame.io about 50 Mbps and Vimeo 22 Mbps: measured, August 2026. Vimeo documents the same 22 Mbps 4K maximum in its playback guidelines, and Frame.io serves uploads as H.264/H.265 proxies. Competitor bars are drawn at minimum visible width; true scale would make them invisible.

The workflow

The delivery.
One link, both files.

One link carries the whole handoff: the master as a download, an HEVC twin for the browser, and the approval that says which version is final.

1

Upload the master

The ProRes goes up as-is: resumable, survives navigation, up to 50 GB per file. Nothing re-encodes it on arrival, so the bytes that come back out are the bytes you exported.

2

Attach the web twin

Export an HEVC 10-bit version beside the master and upload it to the same room. Browsers play it untouched, and new versions keep the same link, so revisions never scatter across URLs.

3

Client reviews anywhere

A browser plays the HEVC twin; the macOS app plays the master itself. Timecoded comments, drawings on the frame, and red or green approvals land per version, no client account needed.

4

Switch on the originals

When the approval goes green, flip original-file downloads on. The client pulls the exact master from the link where they signed off, and the download is the file, not an approximation of it.

The room at /review holds the exchange end to end: the share link is the auth, so a client opens it with no account, and sign-off attaches to a specific version of a specific file rather than a sentence in an email thread. Notes come back to the timeline through free NLE sync: a DaVinci Resolve script, a signed Premiere panel, and a one-drag Final Cut bundle with markers and drawing stills already placed.

Judgment calls

Flavor, then vehicle.

Two decisions close every ProRes delivery: which flavor to master, and whether this particular file should go over the wire at all.

422 HQ or 4444

Deliver 422 HQ unless someone downstream still has work to do. It is the standard finishing master for broadcast and online work. Choose 4444 when the file carries an alpha channel or will be composited or re-graded after the handoff: the 4:4:4 chroma earns its cost there, and the cost is real, 1,326 Mbps against 884 at UHD 30p, half again the storage for every minute. The workflow is identical either way; only the size changes.

When a drive is still the right call

Terabytes, not gigabytes

A season of masters, or camera negatives beside the finish, can outrun what either side's connection moves in a useful window. Our per-file limit is 50 GB; a courier van does not have one.

The contract names the medium

Broadcast and studio delivery specs often name LTO or a specific drive format with a physical chain of custody. Meet the spec as written.

The recipient is offline by policy

Air-gapped facilities and some security-conscious studios do not accept internet delivery at all. No workflow argument beats their policy.

The pipe cannot carry it

A slow office connection makes a 300 GB handoff a drive job no matter what the software can do. Bandwidth is a hard constraint; plan around it.

Even then, the hybrid usually wins: the drive carries the archive while the link carries the approval, so the client has watched and signed off before the courier is booked, and a re-export does not mean a second shipment. For the rest of the handoff, formats beyond ProRes included, see the guide to delivering final video files to clients.

Questions

Frequently asked

Can you play ProRes in a browser?

No. Browsers decode H.264, HEVC, and AV1, and none of them ships a ProRes decoder, so a ProRes file cannot play in any browser tab on any host, ours included. The uncompressed.io macOS app plays ProRes natively up to 8K 4:2:2 HQ at 60 fps; for browser review you attach an HEVC export beside the master.

How big is a ProRes file per minute?

At UHD 3840x2160 and 30 fps, Apple's target rates work out to about 4.4 GB per minute for ProRes 422, 6.6 GB for 422 HQ, and 9.9 GB for 4444. At 1080p 29.97 fps, 422 HQ targets about 220 Mbps, or roughly 1.65 GB per minute. ProRes is variable bitrate, with frames peaking about 10 percent above target.

Should I deliver ProRes 422 HQ or 4444?

422 HQ is the standard finishing master for broadcast and online work. Choose 4444 when the file needs an alpha channel or will be composited or re-graded downstream; the 4:4:4 chroma matters there and costs half again the bits, 1,326 Mbps against 884 at UHD 30p. The delivery workflow is the same either way, only the size changes.

How do I send a ProRes file to a client without a hard drive?

Host the master somewhere that will not re-encode it and let the client download it from the same link where they reviewed the cut. On uncompressed.io, uploads take masters up to 50 GB per file, resumable, and the owner switches on original-file downloads for the final pull. Longer masters split per reel or go on a drive; the table on this page tells you which side of 50 GB you are on.

What should the web review version be if ProRes will not play?

An HEVC 10-bit export made beside the master. Hardware decoders in browsers top out around 300 to 400 Mbps and 100 to 150 Mbps is the safe no-drop band, so export the twin in that range. Streamed without a re-encode, it keeps the 10-bit gradients and shadow detail the grade depends on.

Host your work at full bitrate

uncompressed.io streams the exact bytes you upload. No re-encode, no bandwidth caps, no platform branding, on every plan.

Sources

  1. 1.About Apple ProRes (Apple Support) (1080p target data rates and the 422 HQ visually lossless rating)
  2. 2.Apple ProRes White Paper, April 2022 (PDF) (target data rate tables at UHD and 8K; variable bitrate behavior)
  3. 3.Guidelines for determining playback resolution (Vimeo Help Center) (4K maximum 22 Mbps)
  4. 4.What are my assets converted to when uploaded (Frame.io Support) (uploads served as H.264/H.265 MP4 proxies)
  5. 5.Web video codec guide (MDN Web Docs) (inter-frame prediction in delivery codecs)
ProRes Delivery: Data Rates, File Sizes, and Client Handoff